Jenner, a family doctor from Gloucestershire, noticed that local milkmaids never seemed to show the scars of the dreaded smallpox, with their invariably clear and unmarked complexions. Seeking an explanation, he discovered that the milkmaids had all contracted cowpox through their work, and this was what had apparently protected them from the more terrible disease ravaging the land at that time.
And so the vaccination was born — but at this stage only for the smallpox virus. And so to the term inoculation he added the word vaccination to refer to inoculations against different diseases, and eventually inoculation alone took on the general sense of immunization. Not to be confused with the shots that deliver a whole other kind of inoculation …. Biology Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for biology researchers, academics, and students.
It only takes a minute to sign up. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Is there any actual difference between inoculation and vaccination or are these terms interchangeable? In case the difference exists, would it be correct to say that inoculation is purposefully infecting a person with a pathogen in a controlled way, even when the person is already infected, to induce immunity while vaccination is administering dead or weakened pathogens to a healthy person as a preventive measure to check future infections?
Inoculation is exactly that. A live organism is introduced in a controlled way, so as to minimise the risk of infection, and is essentially the same process followed by many people in history. It is inherently risky.
Vaccination is introducing a weakened version of the pathogen, so that the immune response is triggered and the body is prepared to fight the actual pathogen if necessary. This was pioneered by Edward Jenner, wherein he noticed that cowpox related to smallpox immunised the milkmaids against smallpox. In a general sense and as per the current scientific parlance, inoculation is used to mean introduction of a microbe to a system.
This can refer to immunization procedures as well as for addition of a microbe to a culture medium in microbiological procedures. Vaccination specifically refers to an immunization procedure which may involve attenuated pathogens, inactivated toxins tetanus toxoid or even specific proteins which are expressed in a lab microbe using recombinant DNA technology as in case of hepatitis-B vaccine.
Etymology of both the terms, however, pertains to smallpox immunization. In this procedure, the immunization was done by infecting an individual with a smallpox pustule from a patient in a way grafting the pox. This refers to the vaccine that Edward Jenner derived from cowpox. And while vaccination is really only used to describe a process meant to protect against disease, inoculation has a slightly broader definition.
You could, as Verywell Health points out , inoculate a culture with a sample of saliva just to see if certain pathogens are present. Immunization , though often used as a synonym for vaccination or inoculation , more accurately refers to what comes after them. Pregnancy 7. Rotavirus Vaccines Shingles vaccines TB skin test Travel vaccines Vaccine eligibility 4.
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