If you have been around someone who has TB disease, you should go to your doctor or your local health department for tests. There are two tests that can be used to help detect TB infection: a skin test or TB blood test. The Mantoux tuberculin skin test is performed by injecting a small amount of fluid called tuberculin into the skin in the lower part of the arm.
A person given the tuberculin skin test must return within 48 to 72 hours to have a trained health care worker look for a reaction on the arm. A positive test for TB infection only tells that a person has been infected with TB germs. It does not tell whether or not the person has progressed to TB disease.
Other tests, such as a chest x-ray and a sample of sputum, are needed to see whether the person has TB disease. BCG is a vaccine for TB disease. BCG is used in many countries, but it is not generally recommended in the United States.
BCG vaccination does not completely prevent people from getting TB. It may also cause a false positive tuberculin skin test. However, persons who have been vaccinated with BCG can be given a tuberculin skin test or TB blood test.
If you have latent TB infection but not TB disease, your doctor may want you to take a drug to kill the TB germs and prevent you from developing TB disease. The decision about taking treatment for latent infection will be based on your chances of developing TB disease. Some people are more likely than others to develop TB disease once they have TB infection. You will now receive email updates from the American Lung Association.
Select your location to view local American Lung Association events and news near you. Our service is free and we are here to help you. Learn About Tuberculosis. Section Menu. Key Points While contagious, TB is not easily spread from person to person. About 1. About 10 million people have active TB worldwide.
In the United States, TB is much less common. The exposed person will have a negative skin test, a normal chest X-ray, and no signs or symptoms of the disease. Latent TB infection. This happens when a person has TB bacteria in his or her body, but does not have symptoms of the disease. The infected person's immune system walls off the TB organisms, and the TB remains inactive throughout life in most people who are infected.
This person would have a positive skin test, but a normal chest X-ray. TB disease. This describes the person who has signs and symptoms of an active infection.
The person would have a positive skin test and a positive chest X-ray. What causes TB? Who is at risk for TB? However, each person may experience symptoms differently: Cough that lasts 3 weeks or longer Chest pain Fatigue Loss of appetite Unintended weight loss Poor growth in children Fever Coughing blood or sputum Chills or night sweats The symptoms of TB may look like other lung conditions or medical problems. How is TB diagnosed?
TB skin tests are suggested for those: In high-risk categories Who live or work in close contact with people who are at high risk Who have never had a TB skin test For skin testing in children, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends testing: If the child is thought to have been exposed in the last 5 years If the child has an X-ray that looks like TB If the child has any symptoms of TB If the child comes from a country where TB is prevalent For children with HIV For children receiving medicines that suppress the immune system For children who are in detention facilities For children who are exposed to high-risk people If the child's parent has come from a high-risk country If the child has traveled to high-risk areas If the child lives in a densely populated area How is TB treated?
Your healthcare provider will figure out the best treatment for you based on: How old you are Your overall health and past health How sick you are How well you can handle specific medicines, procedures, or therapies How long the condition is expected to last Your opinion or preference Treatment may include: Short-term hospitalization For latent TB which is newly diagnosed: Usually a 6 to 12 month course of antibiotic called isoniazid will be given to kill off the TB organisms in the body.
Some people with latent TB may be treated with a shorter course of 2 antibiotics for only 3 months. For active TB: Your healthcare provider may prescribe 3 or more antibiotics in combination for 6 to 9 months or longer. Examples include: isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. Back to Health A to Z. Tuberculosis TB is a bacterial infection spread through inhaling tiny droplets from the coughs or sneezes of an infected person.
It mainly affects the lungs, but it can affect any part of the body, including the tummy abdomen , glands, bones and nervous system. TB is a potentially serious condition, but it can be cured if it's treated with the right antibiotics. Read more about the symptoms of TB and diagnosing TB.
TB is a bacterial infection. TB that affects the lungs pulmonary TB is the most contagious type, but it usually only spreads after prolonged exposure to someone with the illness.
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